What is Map Sensor?
- The manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor is one of the sensors an engine control module (ECM) employs to calculate fuel injection for the ideal air-fuel ratio by continually monitoring intake manifold pressure data.
- It is typically used in fuel-injected engines. A mass airflow (MAF) sensor is more frequently used than a MAP sensor, however, turbocharged engines typically use both types of sensor.
- Additionally, the MAP sensor plays a crucial part in assisting the ECM in deciding when the ignition should start under various engine load conditions.
- Whichever sensor your engine employs, without correct air mass data from a functional sensor, the ECM will not be able to optimize fuel injection. Additionally, a poor air-fuel ratio will, at the absolute least, impair performance and hasten engine wear. With assistance from Delphi Technologies, we can explain what causes MAP sensor failures, what to watch out for, and how to replace them if they occur.
- The information can be used to assess air density and determine an engine’s air mass flow rate, which determines the required fuel metering for optimal combustion.
- A mass airflow sensor, or MAF sensor, is an alternative sensor that can be used with fuel-injected engines to monitor air intake flow.
- With the aid of a technique similar to the speed density, the information from a MAP sensor can be converted to data about air mass. The engine’s speed and air temperature can be used to measure speed density.
Working of MAP Sensor
- The MAP sensor is normally found on or near the throttle body on the intake manifold. The MAP sensor is located on the intake tract before the turbo on a forced-induction engine.
- A sealed chamber with either a vacuum or a controlled pressure that is calibrated for the engine is located inside the MAP sensor.
- A flexible silicon wafer, often known as a “chip,” with a current flowing through it separates the vacuum from the sensor and the vacuum from the intake manifold.
- As soon as the key is turned on, the MAP sensor “does double duty” as a barometric pressure sensor. Since there is no vacuum delivered to the MAP sensor when the key is turned (before the engine starts), the ECM interprets its signal as a barometric pressure reading, which is useful for estimating air density.
- The intake manifold pressure drops as the engine is running, causing a vacuum that is applied to the MAP sensor. Less vacuum is created when the gas accelerator pedal is depressed because the pressure in the intake manifold raises.
- The chip will stretch upward into the sealed chamber due to pressure changes, changing the voltage’s resistance and instructing the ECU to inject more fuel giving the engine fuel. The clip flexes back to its idle position when the accelerator pedal is let off since the pressure in the intake manifold lowers as a result of this.
- To calculate air density and precisely determine the engine’s air mass flow rate for the ideal air-fuel ratio, the ECU combines the manifold pressure readings from the MAP sensor with information from the IAT (intake air temperature), ECT (engine coolant temperature) sensor, baro reading, and engine speed (RPM).
Application of MAP Sensor
- It is used to decide the fuel utilization.
- It is used to decide the fuel delivery.
- Adjusts to the altering environment.
- Adjusts to the altering environment
