Basic of Microwave Horn Antenna : Working

• It is a type of antenna which is constructed when the end of the antenna is flared out or tapered in the shape of a horn. This antenna operates in microwave frequency.
• The horn antenna operates in ultra-high and super-high frequencies ranging between 300 MHz to 30 GHz.

Working of Horn Antenna

• The energy of the beam when slowly convert into radiation, then it reduced the losses and the focusing of the beam improves.
• A Horn antenna may be considered as a flared-out waveguide, by which the directivity is improved and the diffraction is reduced.
• The below image shows the model of a horn antenna.

Types of Horn Antenna

There are 4 types of horn antenna i.e., and in sectoral horn there are 2 types of horn is mentioned in below.

• 1. Pyramidal horn
• 2. Sectoral horn
• I. E-plane
• II. H-plane
• 3. Conical horn
• 4. Exponential horn

Advantages of Horn Antenna

• It offers easy construction as can be easily configured with a waveguide.
• The absence of a resonance element in the structure allows it to operate over a wide bandwidth.
• The horn antenna provides good impedance matching.
• It is highly directional thereby providing higher directivity.
• The antenna offers fewer reflections.

Disadvantages of Horn Antenna

• The directivity of the antenna is dependent on the flare angle.
• The dimensions of the flare must be sufficiently large and this sometimes makes the antenna bulky.

Applications of Horn Antenna

• Used for astronomical studies
• Used in microwave applications