• Home
  • About Us
  • Contact Us
Semiconductor for You
  • Home
  • Semiconductor News
  • Technology
    • Automotive
    • Consumer Electronics
    • IoT
    • Lighting
    • Power Management
    • Wireless
    • Personal Electronics
    • Hardware & Software
    • Research
    • Medical Electronics
    • Embedded Design
    • Aerospace & Defence
    • Artificial Intelligence
  • DIY Projects
  • Market
  • Industries
    • Renesas Electronics
  • Knowledge Base
  • Events
  • Tools
    • Resistor Color Code Calculator
No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Semiconductor News
  • Technology
    • Automotive
    • Consumer Electronics
    • IoT
    • Lighting
    • Power Management
    • Wireless
    • Personal Electronics
    • Hardware & Software
    • Research
    • Medical Electronics
    • Embedded Design
    • Aerospace & Defence
    • Artificial Intelligence
  • DIY Projects
  • Market
  • Industries
    • Renesas Electronics
  • Knowledge Base
  • Events
  • Tools
    • Resistor Color Code Calculator
No Result
View All Result
Semiconductor for You
No Result
View All Result
Home Knowledge Base

What is Waveguides : Characteristics, Parameters and Its Types

Mrinali Sharma by Mrinali Sharma
October 20, 2022
in Knowledge Base
0

A Waveguide:

  • Microwaves propagate through microwave circuits, components, and devices, which act as a part of Microwave transmission lines, broadly called Waveguides.
  • A waveguide is a hollow metallic tube of a uniform cross-section for transmitting electromagnetic waves by successive reflections from the inner walls of the tube is called as a Waveguide.
  • A waveguide is an electromagnetic feed line used in microwave communications, broadcasting, and radar installations.
  • A waveguide consists of a rectangular or cylindrical metal tube or pipe. The electromagnetic field propagates lengthwise. Waveguides are most often used with horn antennas and dish antennas.
  • An electromagnetic field can propagate along a waveguide in various ways.
A Waveguide

There are Two Common Modes

  1. Transverse-magnetic (TM)
  2. Transverse-electric (TE)
  • In TM mode, the magnetic lines of flux are perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide.
  • In TE mode, the electric lines of flux are perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide.

  • A waveguide must have a certain minimum diameter relative to the wavelength of the signal, to work for the waveguide to work properly.
  • If the waveguide is too narrow or the frequency is too low (the wavelength is too long), the electromagnetic fields cannot propagate.

Characteristics of Waveguide

  • The tube wall provides distributed inductance.
  • The space between the tube walls provides distributed capacitance.
  • These are bulky, heavy, and expensive.

Types of Waveguide

There are five types of waveguides.

Types of Waveguide

1. Rectangular Waveguide

  • Rectangular waveguides Both TE and TM modes can be supported by these waveguides. The electric field is transverse to the direction of propagation in TE modes. The magnetic field is transverse to the direction of propagation in TM modes.
Rectangular Waveguide

2. Circular Waveguide

  • They tend to twist the waves as they travel through them and are used with rotating antennas in radars.
Circular Waveguide

3. Elliptical Waveguide

  • An elliptical shape is often preferred in flexible waveguides. These waveguides will be required whenever its section is capable of movement, such as bending, stretching, or twisting.
  • A waveguide with conducting ridges protruding into the center of the waveguide from the top wall or bottom wall or both walls is called a Ridged Waveguide.
  • The ridges are parallel to the short wall of the waveguide.

4. Single Ridged Waveguides

  • A rectangular waveguide with a single protruding ridge from the top or bottom wall is called a Single Ridged waveguide.
Single Ridged Waveguides

5. Double Ridged Waveguides

  • A rectangular waveguide with a ridge from the top and bottom wall is called a Double Ridged Waveguide.
Double Ridged Waveguides

Mode of Propagation

A mode of propagation is nothing but a distinct field pattern. There are four different mode categories.

TEM Mode or Principal Mode (Ez = 0 and Hz = 0)

  • In this mode, both the E and H fields are transverse to the direction of wave propagation, and this is known as the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode. Due to Ez = 0 and Hz = 0 in this mode, all field components are reduced to zero, so that there is no field component along the direction of propagation. Thus, from the result, a rectangular waveguide cannot support the TEM mode.

 

TE mode (Ez= 0 and Hz≠ 0)

  • In this mode Ez = 0, at all points within the waveguide. This means that there is no electric field vector component along the direction of propagation, and the magnetic field vector is along the direction of propagation.

 

TM modes (Ez≠ 0 and Hz= 0)

  • In this mode Hz = 0 at all points within the waveguide. This means that there is no magnetic field vector component along the direction of propagation, and the electric field vector is parallel to the long axis.

 

HE modes (Ez≠ 0 and Hz= 0)

  • In this case, neither E nor H field is transverse to the direction of wave propagation, and they are known as hybrid modes.

Parameters of a Waveguide

Cut-off wavelength

  • It is the maximum signal wavelength of the transmitted signal that can be propagated within the waveguide without any attenuation. It is denoted by λc.

Group velocity

  • Group velocity is the velocity with which the wave propagates inside the waveguide.
  • If the transmitted carrier is modulated, then the velocity of the modulation envelope is somewhat less as compared to the carrier signal.
  • This velocity of the envelope is termed group velocity. It is represented by Vg.

Phase velocity

  • It is the velocity with which the transmitted wave changes its phase during propagation. It is the velocity of a particular phase of the propagating wave. It is denoted by Vp.

Wave Impedance

  • It is also known as the characteristic impedance.
  • It is defined as the ratio of the transverse electric field to that of the transverse magnetic field during wave propagation at any point inside the waveguide.
  • It is denoted by Zg.
Content Protection by DMCA.com
Mrinali Sharma

Mrinali Sharma

Browse by Category

  • Aerospace and Defence
  • Articles
  • Automotive
  • Consumer-Electronics
  • Hardware & Software
  • Interview
  • IoT
  • Knowledge Base
  • Lighting
  • Market
  • personal-electronics
  • Power Management
  • Research
  • Semiconductor Events
  • Semiconductor News
  • Technology
  • Wireless
Semiconductor for You

Semiconductor For You is a resource hub for electronics engineers and industrialist. With its blend of
technology features, news and new product information, Semiconductor For You keeps designers and
managers up to date with the fastest moving industry in the world.

Follow Us

Browse by Category

  • Aerospace and Defence
  • Articles
  • Automotive
  • Consumer-Electronics
  • Hardware & Software
  • Interview
  • IoT
  • Knowledge Base
  • Lighting
  • Market
  • personal-electronics
  • Power Management
  • Research
  • Semiconductor Events
  • Semiconductor News
  • Technology
  • Wireless

Recent News

Infineon AIROC™ CYW20829 Bluetooth LE SoC ready with latest Bluetooth 5.4 specification

Infineon AIROC™ CYW20829 Bluetooth LE SoC ready with latest Bluetooth 5.4 specification

March 24, 2023
Ultra-Low Quiescent Wide Input Voltage LDO from Diodes Incorporated Addresses Needs of 12V and 24V Automotive Systems

Ultra-Low Quiescent Wide Input Voltage LDO from Diodes Incorporated Addresses Needs of 12V and 24V Automotive Systems

March 24, 2023
  • About
  • Advertise
  • Privacy & Policy
  • Contact

© 2022 Semiconductor For You

No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • Semiconductor News
  • Technology
    • IoT
    • Wireless
    • Power Management
    • Automotive
    • Hardware & Software
  • Market
  • Knowledge Base
  • Tools
    • Resistor Color Code Calculator

© 2022 Semiconductor For You

We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies.
Cookie settingsACCEPT
Manage consent

Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
Necessary
Always Enabled
Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously.
CookieDurationDescription
cookielawinfo-checbox-analytics11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
cookielawinfo-checbox-functional11 monthsThe cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
cookielawinfo-checbox-others11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
viewed_cookie_policy11 monthsThe cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.
Functional
Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features.
Performance
Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.
Analytics
Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.
Advertisement
Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads.
Others
Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.
SAVE & ACCEPT